From: Tom Rees <zephod@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2013 12:30:37 +0000
Subject: Stacked graphs with sane server-side data wrangling working. Percentage mode half-impemented.
X-Git-Url: http://maxious.lambdacomplex.org/git/?p=ckanext-ga-report.git&a=commitdiff&h=1e315a4d6b9a9077dce680a0cc432dc4cb38d21e
---
Stacked graphs with sane server-side data wrangling working. Percentage mode half-impemented.
---


--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 *.py[co]
 *.py~
 .gitignore
+ckan.log
 
 # Packages
 *.egg

--- a/ckanext/ga_report/command.py
+++ b/ckanext/ga_report/command.py
@@ -55,6 +55,36 @@
         init_service('token.dat',
                       self.args[0] if self.args
                                    else 'credentials.json')
+
+class FixTimePeriods(CkanCommand):
+    """
+    Fixes the 'All' records for GA_Urls
+
+    It is possible that older urls that haven't recently been visited
+    do not have All records.  This command will traverse through those
+    records and generate valid All records for them.
+    """
+    summary = __doc__.split('\n')[0]
+    usage = __doc__
+    max_args = 0
+    min_args = 0
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        super(FixTimePeriods, self).__init__(name)
+
+    def command(self):
+        import ckan.model as model
+        from ga_model import post_update_url_stats
+        self._load_config()
+        model.Session.remove()
+        model.Session.configure(bind=model.meta.engine)
+
+        log = logging.getLogger('ckanext.ga_report')
+
+        log.info("Updating 'All' records for old URLs")
+        post_update_url_stats()
+        log.info("Processing complete")
+
 
 
 class LoadAnalytics(CkanCommand):

--- a/ckanext/ga_report/controller.py
+++ b/ckanext/ga_report/controller.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import re
 import csv
 import sys
+import json
 import logging
 import operator
 import collections
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@
 
 log = logging.getLogger('ckanext.ga-report')
 
+DOWNLOADS_AVAILABLE_FROM = '2012-12'
 
 def _get_month_name(strdate):
     import calendar
@@ -20,8 +22,12 @@
     d = strptime(strdate, '%Y-%m')
     return '%s %s' % (calendar.month_name[d.tm_mon], d.tm_year)
 
-
-def _month_details(cls):
+def _get_unix_epoch(strdate):
+    from time import strptime,mktime
+    d = strptime(strdate, '%Y-%m')
+    return int(mktime(d))
+
+def _month_details(cls, stat_key=None):
     '''
     Returns a list of all the periods for which we have data, unfortunately
     knows too much about the type of the cls being passed as GA_Url has a
@@ -32,9 +38,13 @@
     months = []
     day = None
 
-    vals = model.Session.query(cls.period_name,cls.period_complete_day)\
-        .filter(cls.period_name!='All').distinct(cls.period_name)\
-        .order_by("period_name desc").all()
+    q = model.Session.query(cls.period_name,cls.period_complete_day)\
+        .filter(cls.period_name!='All').distinct(cls.period_name)
+    if stat_key:
+        q=  q.filter(cls.stat_name==stat_key)
+
+    vals = q.order_by("period_name desc").all()
+
     if vals and vals[0][1]:
         day = int(vals[0][1])
         ordinal = 'th' if 11 <= day <= 13 \
@@ -52,7 +62,7 @@
     def csv(self, month):
         import csv
 
-        q = model.Session.query(GA_Stat)
+        q = model.Session.query(GA_Stat).filter(GA_Stat.stat_name!='Downloads')
         if month != 'all':
             q = q.filter(GA_Stat.period_name==month)
         entries = q.order_by('GA_Stat.period_name, GA_Stat.stat_name, GA_Stat.key').all()
@@ -68,6 +78,7 @@
                              entry.stat_name.encode('utf-8'),
                              entry.key.encode('utf-8'),
                              entry.value.encode('utf-8')])
+
 
     def index(self):
 
@@ -101,11 +112,26 @@
 
             return key, val
 
+        # Query historic values for sparkline rendering
+        sparkline_query = model.Session.query(GA_Stat)\
+                .filter(GA_Stat.stat_name=='Totals')\
+                .order_by(GA_Stat.period_name)
+        sparkline_data = {}
+        for x in sparkline_query:
+            sparkline_data[x.key] = sparkline_data.get(x.key,[])
+            key, val = clean_key(x.key,float(x.value))
+            tooltip = '%s: %s' % (_get_month_name(x.period_name), val)
+            sparkline_data[x.key].append( (tooltip,x.value) )
+        # Trim the latest month, as it looks like a huge dropoff
+        for key in sparkline_data:
+            sparkline_data[key] = sparkline_data[key][:-1]
+
         c.global_totals = []
         if c.month:
             for e in entries:
                 key, val = clean_key(e.key, e.value)
-                c.global_totals.append((key, val))
+                sparkline = sparkline_data[e.key]
+                c.global_totals.append((key, val, sparkline))
         else:
             d = collections.defaultdict(list)
             for e in entries:
@@ -114,11 +140,19 @@
                 if k in ['Total page views', 'Total visits']:
                     v = sum(v)
                 else:
-                    v = float(sum(v))/len(v)
+                    v = float(sum(v))/float(len(v))
+                sparkline = sparkline_data[k]
                 key, val = clean_key(k,v)
 
-                c.global_totals.append((key, val))
-                c.global_totals = sorted(c.global_totals, key=operator.itemgetter(0))
+                c.global_totals.append((key, val, sparkline))
+        # Sort the global totals into a more pleasant order
+        def sort_func(x):
+            key = x[0]
+            total_order = ['Total page views','Total visits','Pages per visit']
+            if key in total_order:
+                return total_order.index(key)
+            return 999
+        c.global_totals = sorted(c.global_totals, key=sort_func)
 
         keys = {
             'Browser versions': 'browser_versions',
@@ -155,7 +189,22 @@
 
         for k, v in keys.iteritems():
             q = model.Session.query(GA_Stat).\
-                filter(GA_Stat.stat_name==k)
+                filter(GA_Stat.stat_name==k).\
+                order_by(GA_Stat.period_name)
+            # Run the query on all months to gather graph data
+            graph = {}
+            for stat in q:
+                graph[ stat.key ] = graph.get(stat.key,{
+                    'name':stat.key, 
+                    'data': []
+                    })
+                graph[ stat.key ]['data'].append({
+                    'x':_get_unix_epoch(stat.period_name),
+                    'y':float(stat.value)
+                    })
+            setattr(c, v+'_graph', json.dumps( _to_rickshaw(graph.values(),percentageMode=True) ))
+
+            # Buffer the tabular data
             if c.month:
                 entries = []
                 q = q.filter(GA_Stat.period_name==c.month).\
@@ -172,7 +221,7 @@
             # Get the total for each set of values and then set the value as
             # a percentage of the total
             if k == 'Social sources':
-                total = sum([x for n,x in c.global_totals if n == 'Total visits'])
+                total = sum([x for n,x,graph in c.global_totals if n == 'Total visits'])
             else:
                 total = sum([num for _,num in entries])
             setattr(c, v, [(k,_percent(v,total)) for k,v in entries ])
@@ -197,7 +246,9 @@
         writer = csv.writer(response)
         writer.writerow(["Publisher Title", "Publisher Name", "Views", "Visits", "Period Name"])
 
-        for publisher,view,visit in _get_top_publishers(None):
+        top_publishers, top_publishers_graph = _get_top_publishers(None)
+
+        for publisher,view,visit in top_publishers:
             writer.writerow([publisher.title.encode('utf-8'),
                              publisher.name.encode('utf-8'),
                              view,
@@ -223,13 +274,14 @@
             str('attachment; filename=datasets_%s_%s.csv' % (c.publisher_name, month,))
 
         writer = csv.writer(response)
-        writer.writerow(["Dataset Title", "Dataset Name", "Views", "Visits", "Period Name"])
-
-        for package,view,visit in packages:
+        writer.writerow(["Dataset Title", "Dataset Name", "Views", "Visits", "Resource downloads", "Period Name"])
+
+        for package,view,visit,downloads in packages:
             writer.writerow([package.title.encode('utf-8'),
                              package.name.encode('utf-8'),
                              view,
                              visit,
+                             downloads,
                              month])
 
     def publishers(self):
@@ -245,15 +297,17 @@
         if c.month:
             c.month_desc = ''.join([m[1] for m in c.months if m[0]==c.month])
 
-        c.top_publishers = _get_top_publishers()
+        c.top_publishers, graph_data = _get_top_publishers()
+        c.top_publishers_graph = json.dumps( _to_rickshaw(graph_data.values()) )
+
         return render('ga_report/publisher/index.html')
 
     def _get_packages(self, publisher=None, count=-1):
         '''Returns the datasets in order of views'''
-        if count == -1:
-            count = sys.maxint
-
+        have_download_data = True
         month = c.month or 'All'
+        if month != 'All':
+            have_download_data = month >= DOWNLOADS_AVAILABLE_FROM
 
         q = model.Session.query(GA_Url,model.Package)\
             .filter(model.Package.name==GA_Url.package_id)\
@@ -263,9 +317,26 @@
         q = q.filter(GA_Url.period_name==month)
         q = q.order_by('ga_url.pageviews::int desc')
         top_packages = []
-        for entry,package in q.limit(count):
+        if count == -1:
+            entries = q.all()
+        else:
+            entries = q.limit(count)
+
+        for entry,package in entries:
             if package:
-                top_packages.append((package, entry.pageviews, entry.visits))
+                # Downloads ....
+                if have_download_data:
+                    dls = model.Session.query(GA_Stat).\
+                        filter(GA_Stat.stat_name=='Downloads').\
+                        filter(GA_Stat.key==package.name)
+                    if month != 'All':  # Fetch everything unless the month is specific
+                        dls = dls.filter(GA_Stat.period_name==month)
+                    downloads = 0
+                    for x in dls:
+                        downloads += int(x.value)
+                else:
+                    downloads = 'No data'
+                top_packages.append((package, entry.pageviews, entry.visits, downloads))
             else:
                 log.warning('Could not find package associated package')
 
@@ -313,7 +384,72 @@
 
         c.top_packages = self._get_packages(c.publisher, 20)
 
+        # Graph query
+        top_package_names = [ x[0].name for x in c.top_packages ]
+        graph_query = model.Session.query(GA_Url,model.Package)\
+            .filter(model.Package.name==GA_Url.package_id)\
+            .filter(GA_Url.url.like('/dataset/%'))\
+            .filter(GA_Url.package_id.in_(top_package_names))
+        graph_data = {}
+        for entry,package in graph_query:
+            if not package: continue
+            if entry.period_name=='All': continue
+            graph_data[package.id] = graph_data.get(package.id,{
+                'name':package.title,
+                'data':[]
+                })
+            graph_data[package.id]['data'].append({
+                'x':_get_unix_epoch(entry.period_name),
+                'y':int(entry.pageviews),
+                })
+                    
+        c.graph_data = json.dumps( _to_rickshaw(graph_data.values()) )
+
         return render('ga_report/publisher/read.html')
+
+def _to_rickshaw(data, percentageMode=False):
+    if data==[]:
+        return data
+    # Create a consistent x-axis
+    num_points = [ len(package['data']) for package in data ]
+    ideal_index = num_points.index( max(num_points) )
+    x_axis = [ point['x'] for point in data[ideal_index]['data'] ]
+    for package in data:
+        xs = [ point['x'] for point in package['data'] ]
+        assert set(xs).issubset( set(x_axis) ), (xs, x_axis)
+        # Zero pad any missing values
+        for x in set(x_axis).difference(set(xs)):
+            package['data'].append( {'x':x, 'y':0} )
+        assert len(package['data'])==len(x_axis), (len(package['data']),len(x_axis),package['data'],x_axis,set(x_axis).difference(set(xs)))
+    if percentageMode:
+        # Transform data into percentage stacks
+        totals = {}
+        for x in x_axis:
+            for package in data:
+                for point in package['data']:
+                    totals[ point['x'] ] = totals.get(point['x'],0) + point['y']
+        # Roll insignificant series into a catch-all
+        THRESHOLD = 0.01
+        significant_series = []
+        for package in data:
+            for point in package['data']:
+                fraction = float(point['y']) / totals[point['x']]
+                if fraction>THRESHOLD and not (package in significant_series):
+                    significant_series.append(package)
+        temp = {}
+        for package in data:
+            if package in significant_series: continue
+            for point in package['data']:
+                temp[point['x']] = temp.get(point['x'],0) + point['y']
+        catch_all = { 'name':'Other','data': [ {'x':x,'y':y} for x,y in temp.items() ] }
+        # Roll insignificant series into one
+        data = significant_series
+        data.append(catch_all)
+    # Sort the points
+    for package in data:
+        package['data'] = sorted( package['data'], key=lambda x:x['x'] )
+    return data
+
 
 def _get_top_publishers(limit=20):
     '''
@@ -336,11 +472,35 @@
 
     top_publishers = []
     res = connection.execute(q, month)
+    department_ids = []
     for row in res:
         g = model.Group.get(row[0])
         if g:
+            department_ids.append(row[0])
             top_publishers.append((g, row[1], row[2]))
-    return top_publishers
+
+    graph = {}
+    if limit is not None:
+        # Query for a history graph of these publishers
+        q = model.Session.query(
+                GA_Url.department_id, 
+                GA_Url.period_name, 
+                func.sum(cast(GA_Url.pageviews,sqlalchemy.types.INT)))\
+            .filter( GA_Url.department_id.in_(department_ids) )\
+            .filter( GA_Url.period_name!='All' )\
+            .filter( GA_Url.url.like('/dataset/%') )\
+            .filter( GA_Url.package_id!='' )\
+            .group_by( GA_Url.department_id, GA_Url.period_name )
+        for dept_id,period_name,views in q:
+            graph[dept_id] = graph.get( dept_id, {
+                'name' : model.Group.get(dept_id).title,
+                'data' : []
+                })
+            graph[dept_id]['data'].append({
+                'x': _get_unix_epoch(period_name),
+                'y': views
+                })
+    return top_publishers, graph
 
 
 def _get_publishers():

--- a/ckanext/ga_report/download_analytics.py
+++ b/ckanext/ga_report/download_analytics.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 FORMAT_MONTH = '%Y-%m'
 MIN_VIEWS = 50
 MIN_VISITS = 20
+MIN_DOWNLOADS = 10
 
 class DownloadAnalytics(object):
     '''Downloads and stores analytics info'''
@@ -122,8 +123,12 @@
                 log.info('Storing publisher views (%i rows)', len(data.get('url')))
                 self.store(period_name, period_complete_day, data,)
 
+                # Make sure the All records are correct.
+                ga_model.post_update_url_stats()
+
                 log.info('Aggregating datasets by publisher')
                 ga_model.update_publisher_stats(period_name) # about 30 seconds.
+
 
             log.info('Downloading and storing analytics for site-wide stats')
             self.sitewide_stats( period_name, period_complete_day )
@@ -179,6 +184,7 @@
                                  end_date=end_date).execute()
 
         packages = []
+        log.info("There are %d results" % results['totalResults'])
         for entry in results.get('rows'):
             (loc,pageviews,visits) = entry
             url = _normalize_url('http:/' + loc) # strips off domain e.g. www.data.gov.uk or data.gov.uk
@@ -203,7 +209,7 @@
         start_date = '%s-01' % period_name
         end_date = '%s-%s' % (period_name, last_day_of_month)
         funcs = ['_totals_stats', '_social_stats', '_os_stats',
-                 '_locale_stats', '_browser_stats', '_mobile_stats']
+                 '_locale_stats', '_browser_stats', '_mobile_stats', '_download_stats']
         for f in funcs:
             log.info('Downloading analytics for %s' % f.split('_')[1])
             getattr(self, f)(start_date, end_date, period_name, period_complete_day)
@@ -250,7 +256,7 @@
                                  ids='ga:' + self.profile_id,
                                  filters='ga:pagePath==%s' % (path,),
                                  start_date=start_date,
-                                 metrics='ga:bounces,ga:pageviews',
+                                 metrics='ga:visitBounceRate',
                                  dimensions='ga:pagePath',
                                  max_results=10000,
                                  end_date=end_date).execute()
@@ -260,10 +266,10 @@
                       path, result_data)
             return
         results = result_data[0]
-        bounces, total = [float(x) for x in result_data[0][1:]]
-        pct = 100 * bounces/total
-        log.info('%d bounces from %d total == %s', bounces, total, pct)
-        ga_model.update_sitewide_stats(period_name, "Totals", {'Bounce rate (home page)': pct},
+        bounces = float(results[1])
+        # visitBounceRate is already a %
+        log.info('Google reports visitBounceRate as %s', bounces)
+        ga_model.update_sitewide_stats(period_name, "Totals", {'Bounce rate (home page)': float(bounces)},
             period_complete_day)
 
 
@@ -290,6 +296,62 @@
         self._filter_out_long_tail(data, MIN_VIEWS)
         ga_model.update_sitewide_stats(period_name, "Country", data, period_complete_day)
 
+
+    def _download_stats(self, start_date, end_date, period_name, period_complete_day):
+        """ Fetches stats about language and country """
+        import ckan.model as model
+
+        data = {}
+
+        results = self.service.data().ga().get(
+                                 ids='ga:' + self.profile_id,
+                                 start_date=start_date,
+                                 filters='ga:eventAction==download',
+                                 metrics='ga:totalEvents',
+                                 sort='-ga:totalEvents',
+                                 dimensions="ga:eventLabel",
+                                 max_results=10000,
+                                 end_date=end_date).execute()
+        result_data = results.get('rows')
+        if not result_data:
+            # We may not have data for this time period, so we need to bail
+            # early.
+            log.info("There is no download data for this time period")
+            return
+
+        def process_result_data(result_data, cached=False):
+            for result in result_data:
+                url = result[0].strip()
+
+                # Get package id associated with the resource that has this URL.
+                q = model.Session.query(model.Resource)
+                if cached:
+                    r = q.filter(model.Resource.cache_url.like("%s%%" % url)).first()
+                else:
+                    r = q.filter(model.Resource.url.like("%s%%" % url)).first()
+
+                package_name = r.resource_group.package.name if r else ""
+                if package_name:
+                    data[package_name] = data.get(package_name, 0) + int(result[1])
+                else:
+                    log.warning(u"Could not find resource for URL: {url}".format(url=url))
+                    continue
+
+        process_result_data(results.get('rows'))
+
+        results = self.service.data().ga().get(
+                                 ids='ga:' + self.profile_id,
+                                 start_date=start_date,
+                                 filters='ga:eventAction==download-cache',
+                                 metrics='ga:totalEvents',
+                                 sort='-ga:totalEvents',
+                                 dimensions="ga:eventLabel",
+                                 max_results=10000,
+                                 end_date=end_date).execute()
+        process_result_data(results.get('rows'), cached=False)
+
+        self._filter_out_long_tail(data, MIN_DOWNLOADS)
+        ga_model.update_sitewide_stats(period_name, "Downloads", data, period_complete_day)
 
     def _social_stats(self, start_date, end_date, period_name, period_complete_day):
         """ Finds out which social sites people are referred from """

--- a/ckanext/ga_report/ga_model.py
+++ b/ckanext/ga_report/ga_model.py
@@ -164,10 +164,53 @@
     log.debug("Deleting '%s' records" % period_name)
     model.Session.query(GA_Url).\
             filter(GA_Url.period_name==period_name).delete()
-    log.debug("Deleting 'All' records")
-    model.Session.query(GA_Url).\
+
+    count = model.Session.query(GA_Url).\
+            filter(GA_Url.period_name == 'All').count()
+    log.debug("Deleting %d 'All' records" % count)
+    count = model.Session.query(GA_Url).\
             filter(GA_Url.period_name == 'All').delete()
+    log.debug("Deleted %d 'All' records" % count)
+
+    model.Session.flush()
+    model.Session.commit()
     model.repo.commit_and_remove()
+
+def post_update_url_stats():
+
+    """ Check the distinct url field in ga_url and make sure
+        it has an All record.  If not then create one.
+
+        After running this then every URL should have an All
+        record regardless of whether the URL has an entry for
+        the month being currently processed.
+    """
+    query = """select url, pageviews::int, visits::int
+               from ga_url
+               where url not in (select url from ga_url where period_name ='All')"""
+    connection = model.Session.connection()
+    res = connection.execute(query)
+
+    views, visits = {}, {}
+    # url, views, visits
+    for row in res:
+        views[row[0]] = views.get(row[0], 0) + row[1]
+        visits[row[0]] = visits.get(row[0], 0) + row[2]
+
+    for key in views.keys():
+        package, publisher = _get_package_and_publisher(key)
+
+        values = {'id': make_uuid(),
+                  'period_name': "All",
+                  'period_complete_day': 0,
+                  'url': key,
+                  'pageviews': views[key],
+                  'visits': visits[key],
+                  'department_id': publisher,
+                  'package_id': publisher
+                  }
+        model.Session.add(GA_Url(**values))
+    model.Session.commit()
 
 
 def update_url_stats(period_name, period_complete_day, url_data):
@@ -349,7 +392,7 @@
         if period_name != 'All':
             q = q.filter_by(period_name=period_name)
         q.delete()
-    model.Session.commit()
+    model.repo.commit_and_remove()
 
 def get_score_for_dataset(dataset_name):
     '''

--- a/ckanext/ga_report/plugin.py
+++ b/ckanext/ga_report/plugin.py
@@ -42,6 +42,16 @@
             controller='ckanext.ga_report.controller:GaReport',
             action='csv'
         )
+        map.connect(
+            '/data/site-usage/downloads',
+            controller='ckanext.ga_report.controller:GaReport',
+            action='downloads'
+        )
+        map.connect(
+            '/data/site-usage/downloads_{month}.csv',
+            controller='ckanext.ga_report.controller:GaReport',
+            action='csv_downloads'
+        )
 
         # GaDatasetReport
         map.connect(

--- /dev/null
+++ b/ckanext/ga_report/public/css/ga_report.css
@@ -1,1 +1,41 @@
+.table-condensed td.sparkline-cell {
+  padding: 1px 0 0 0;
+  width: 108px;
+  text-align: center;
+}
+.rickshaw_chart_container {
+  position: relative;
+  height: 350px;
+  margin: 0 auto 20px auto;
+}
+.rickshaw_chart {
+  position: absolute;
+  left: 40px;
+  width: 500px;
+  top: 0;
+  bottom: 0;
+}
+.rickshaw_legend {
+  position: absolute;
+  right: 0;
+  top: 0;
+  margin-left: 15px;
+  padding: 0 5px;
+  background: transparent;
+  max-width: 150px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
+  border-radius:5px;
+}
+.rickshaw_y_axis {
+  position: absolute;
+  top: 0;
+  bottom: 0;
+  width: 40px;
+}
+.rickshaw_legend .label {
+  background: transparent !important;
+  color: #000000 !important;
+  font-weight: normal !important;
+}
 

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--- /dev/null
+++ b/ckanext/ga_report/public/scripts/vendor/d3.v2.js
@@ -1,1 +1,7026 @@
-
+(function() {
+  function d3_class(ctor, properties) {
+    try {
+      for (var key in properties) {
+        Object.defineProperty(ctor.prototype, key, {
+          value: properties[key],
+          enumerable: false
+        });
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      ctor.prototype = properties;
+    }
+  }
+  function d3_arrayCopy(pseudoarray) {
+    var i = -1, n = pseudoarray.length, array = [];
+    while (++i < n) array.push(pseudoarray[i]);
+    return array;
+  }
+  function d3_arraySlice(pseudoarray) {
+    return Array.prototype.slice.call(pseudoarray);
+  }
+  function d3_Map() {}
+  function d3_identity(d) {
+    return d;
+  }
+  function d3_this() {
+    return this;
+  }
+  function d3_true() {
+    return true;
+  }
+  function d3_functor(v) {
+    return typeof v === "function" ? v : function() {
+      return v;
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_rebind(target, source, method) {
+    return function() {
+      var value = method.apply(source, arguments);
+      return arguments.length ? target : value;
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_number(x) {
+    return x != null && !isNaN(x);
+  }
+  function d3_zipLength(d) {
+    return d.length;
+  }
+  function d3_splitter(d) {
+    return d == null;
+  }
+  function d3_collapse(s) {
+    return s.trim().replace(/\s+/g, " ");
+  }
+  function d3_range_integerScale(x) {
+    var k = 1;
+    while (x * k % 1) k *= 10;
+    return k;
+  }
+  function d3_dispatch() {}
+  function d3_dispatch_event(dispatch) {
+    function event() {
+      var z = listeners, i = -1, n = z.length, l;
+      while (++i < n) if (l = z[i].on) l.apply(this, arguments);
+      return dispatch;
+    }
+    var listeners = [], listenerByName = new d3_Map;
+    event.on = function(name, listener) {
+      var l = listenerByName.get(name), i;
+      if (arguments.length < 2) return l && l.on;
+      if (l) {
+        l.on = null;
+        listeners = listeners.slice(0, i = listeners.indexOf(l)).concat(listeners.slice(i + 1));
+        listenerByName.remove(name);
+      }
+      if (listener) listeners.push(listenerByName.set(name, {
+        on: listener
+      }));
+      return dispatch;
+    };
+    return event;
+  }
+  function d3_format_precision(x, p) {
+    return p - (x ? 1 + Math.floor(Math.log(x + Math.pow(10, 1 + Math.floor(Math.log(x) / Math.LN10) - p)) / Math.LN10) : 1);
+  }
+  function d3_format_typeDefault(x) {
+    return x + "";
+  }
+  function d3_format_group(value) {
+    var i = value.lastIndexOf("."), f = i >= 0 ? value.substring(i) : (i = value.length, ""), t = [];
+    while (i > 0) t.push(value.substring(i -= 3, i + 3));
+    return t.reverse().join(",") + f;
+  }
+  function d3_formatPrefix(d, i) {
+    var k = Math.pow(10, Math.abs(8 - i) * 3);
+    return {
+      scale: i > 8 ? function(d) {
+        return d / k;
+      } : function(d) {
+        return d * k;
+      },
+      symbol: d
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_ease_clamp(f) {
+    return function(t) {
+      return t <= 0 ? 0 : t >= 1 ? 1 : f(t);
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_ease_reverse(f) {
+    return function(t) {
+      return 1 - f(1 - t);
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_ease_reflect(f) {
+    return function(t) {
+      return .5 * (t < .5 ? f(2 * t) : 2 - f(2 - 2 * t));
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_ease_identity(t) {
+    return t;
+  }
+  function d3_ease_poly(e) {
+    return function(t) {
+      return Math.pow(t, e);
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_ease_sin(t) {
+    return 1 - Math.cos(t * Math.PI / 2);
+  }
+  function d3_ease_exp(t) {
+    return Math.pow(2, 10 * (t - 1));
+  }
+  function d3_ease_circle(t) {
+    return 1 - Math.sqrt(1 - t * t);
+  }
+  function d3_ease_elastic(a, p) {
+    var s;
+    if (arguments.length < 2) p = .45;
+    if (arguments.length < 1) {
+      a = 1;
+      s = p / 4;
+    } else s = p / (2 * Math.PI) * Math.asin(1 / a);
+    return function(t) {
+      return 1 + a * Math.pow(2, 10 * -t) * Math.sin((t - s) * 2 * Math.PI / p);
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_ease_back(s) {
+    if (!s) s = 1.70158;
+    return function(t) {
+      return t * t * ((s + 1) * t - s);
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_ease_bounce(t) {
+    return t < 1 / 2.75 ? 7.5625 * t * t : t < 2 / 2.75 ? 7.5625 * (t -= 1.5 / 2.75) * t + .75 : t < 2.5 / 2.75 ? 7.5625 * (t -= 2.25 / 2.75) * t + .9375 : 7.5625 * (t -= 2.625 / 2.75) * t + .984375;
+  }
+  function d3_eventCancel() {
+    d3.event.stopPropagation();
+    d3.event.preventDefault();
+  }
+  function d3_eventSource() {
+    var e = d3.event, s;
+    while (s = e.sourceEvent) e = s;
+    return e;
+  }
+  function d3_eventDispatch(target) {
+    var dispatch = new d3_dispatch, i = 0, n = arguments.length;
+    while (++i < n) dispatch[arguments[i]] = d3_dispatch_event(dispatch);
+    dispatch.of = function(thiz, argumentz) {
+      return function(e1) {
+        try {
+          var e0 = e1.sourceEvent = d3.event;
+          e1.target = target;
+          d3.event = e1;
+          dispatch[e1.type].apply(thiz, argumentz);
+        } finally {
+          d3.event = e0;
+        }
+      };
+    };
+    return dispatch;
+  }
+  function d3_transform(m) {
+    var r0 = [ m.a, m.b ], r1 = [ m.c, m.d ], kx = d3_transformNormalize(r0), kz = d3_transformDot(r0, r1), ky = d3_transformNormalize(d3_transformCombine(r1, r0, -kz)) || 0;
+    if (r0[0] * r1[1] < r1[0] * r0[1]) {
+      r0[0] *= -1;
+      r0[1] *= -1;
+      kx *= -1;
+      kz *= -1;
+    }
+    this.rotate = (kx ? Math.atan2(r0[1], r0[0]) : Math.atan2(-r1[0], r1[1])) * d3_transformDegrees;
+    this.translate = [ m.e, m.f ];
+    this.scale = [ kx, ky ];
+    this.skew = ky ? Math.atan2(kz, ky) * d3_transformDegrees : 0;
+  }
+  function d3_transformDot(a, b) {
+    return a[0] * b[0] + a[1] * b[1];
+  }
+  function d3_transformNormalize(a) {
+    var k = Math.sqrt(d3_transformDot(a, a));
+    if (k) {
+      a[0] /= k;
+      a[1] /= k;
+    }
+    return k;
+  }
+  function d3_transformCombine(a, b, k) {
+    a[0] += k * b[0];
+    a[1] += k * b[1];
+    return a;
+  }
+  function d3_interpolateByName(name) {
+    return name == "transform" ? d3.interpolateTransform : d3.interpolate;
+  }
+  function d3_uninterpolateNumber(a, b) {
+    b = b - (a = +a) ? 1 / (b - a) : 0;
+    return function(x) {
+      return (x - a) * b;
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_uninterpolateClamp(a, b) {
+    b = b - (a = +a) ? 1 / (b - a) : 0;
+    return function(x) {
+      return Math.max(0, Math.min(1, (x - a) * b));
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_Color() {}
+  function d3_rgb(r, g, b) {
+    return new d3_Rgb(r, g, b);
+  }
+  function d3_Rgb(r, g, b) {
+    this.r = r;
+    this.g = g;
+    this.b = b;
+  }
+  function d3_rgb_hex(v) {
+    return v < 16 ? "0" + Math.max(0, v).toString(16) : Math.min(255, v).toString(16);
+  }
+  function d3_rgb_parse(format, rgb, hsl) {
+    var r = 0, g = 0, b = 0, m1, m2, name;
+    m1 = /([a-z]+)\((.*)\)/i.exec(format);
+    if (m1) {
+      m2 = m1[2].split(",");
+      switch (m1[1]) {
+       case "hsl":
+        {
+          return hsl(parseFloat(m2[0]), parseFloat(m2[1]) / 100, parseFloat(m2[2]) / 100);
+        }
+       case "rgb":
+        {
+          return rgb(d3_rgb_parseNumber(m2[0]), d3_rgb_parseNumber(m2[1]), d3_rgb_parseNumber(m2[2]));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (name = d3_rgb_names.get(format)) return rgb(name.r, name.g, name.b);
+    if (format != null && format.charAt(0) === "#") {
+      if (format.length === 4) {
+        r = format.charAt(1);
+        r += r;
+        g = format.charAt(2);
+        g += g;
+        b = format.charAt(3);
+        b += b;
+      } else if (format.length === 7) {
+        r = format.substring(1, 3);
+        g = format.substring(3, 5);
+        b = format.substring(5, 7);
+      }
+      r = parseInt(r, 16);
+      g = parseInt(g, 16);
+      b = parseInt(b, 16);
+    }
+    return rgb(r, g, b);
+  }
+  function d3_rgb_hsl(r, g, b) {
+    var min = Math.min(r /= 255, g /= 255, b /= 255), max = Math.max(r, g, b), d = max - min, h, s, l = (max + min) / 2;
+    if (d) {
+      s = l < .5 ? d / (max + min) : d / (2 - max - min);
+      if (r == max) h = (g - b) / d + (g < b ? 6 : 0); else if (g == max) h = (b - r) / d + 2; else h = (r - g) / d + 4;
+      h *= 60;
+    } else {
+      s = h = 0;
+    }
+    return d3_hsl(h, s, l);
+  }
+  function d3_rgb_lab(r, g, b) {
+    r = d3_rgb_xyz(r);
+    g = d3_rgb_xyz(g);
+    b = d3_rgb_xyz(b);
+    var x = d3_xyz_lab((.4124564 * r + .3575761 * g + .1804375 * b) / d3_lab_X), y = d3_xyz_lab((.2126729 * r + .7151522 * g + .072175 * b) / d3_lab_Y), z = d3_xyz_lab((.0193339 * r + .119192 * g + .9503041 * b) / d3_lab_Z);
+    return d3_lab(116 * y - 16, 500 * (x - y), 200 * (y - z));
+  }
+  function d3_rgb_xyz(r) {
+    return (r /= 255) <= .04045 ? r / 12.92 : Math.pow((r + .055) / 1.055, 2.4);
+  }
+  function d3_rgb_parseNumber(c) {
+    var f = parseFloat(c);
+    return c.charAt(c.length - 1) === "%" ? Math.round(f * 2.55) : f;
+  }
+  function d3_hsl(h, s, l) {
+    return new d3_Hsl(h, s, l);
+  }
+  function d3_Hsl(h, s, l) {
+    this.h = h;
+    this.s = s;
+    this.l = l;
+  }
+  function d3_hsl_rgb(h, s, l) {
+    function v(h) {
+      if (h > 360) h -= 360; else if (h < 0) h += 360;
+      if (h < 60) return m1 + (m2 - m1) * h / 60;
+      if (h < 180) return m2;
+      if (h < 240) return m1 + (m2 - m1) * (240 - h) / 60;
+      return m1;
+    }
+    function vv(h) {
+      return Math.round(v(h) * 255);
+    }
+    var m1, m2;
+    h = h % 360;
+    if (h < 0) h += 360;
+    s = s < 0 ? 0 : s > 1 ? 1 : s;
+    l = l < 0 ? 0 : l > 1 ? 1 : l;
+    m2 = l <= .5 ? l * (1 + s) : l + s - l * s;
+    m1 = 2 * l - m2;
+    return d3_rgb(vv(h + 120), vv(h), vv(h - 120));
+  }
+  function d3_hcl(h, c, l) {
+    return new d3_Hcl(h, c, l);
+  }
+  function d3_Hcl(h, c, l) {
+    this.h = h;
+    this.c = c;
+    this.l = l;
+  }
+  function d3_hcl_lab(h, c, l) {
+    return d3_lab(l, Math.cos(h *= Math.PI / 180) * c, Math.sin(h) * c);
+  }
+  function d3_lab(l, a, b) {
+    return new d3_Lab(l, a, b);
+  }
+  function d3_Lab(l, a, b) {
+    this.l = l;
+    this.a = a;
+    this.b = b;
+  }
+  function d3_lab_rgb(l, a, b) {
+    var y = (l + 16) / 116, x = y + a / 500, z = y - b / 200;
+    x = d3_lab_xyz(x) * d3_lab_X;
+    y = d3_lab_xyz(y) * d3_lab_Y;
+    z = d3_lab_xyz(z) * d3_lab_Z;
+    return d3_rgb(d3_xyz_rgb(3.2404542 * x - 1.5371385 * y - .4985314 * z), d3_xyz_rgb(-.969266 * x + 1.8760108 * y + .041556 * z), d3_xyz_rgb(.0556434 * x - .2040259 * y + 1.0572252 * z));
+  }
+  function d3_lab_hcl(l, a, b) {
+    return d3_hcl(Math.atan2(b, a) / Math.PI * 180, Math.sqrt(a * a + b * b), l);
+  }
+  function d3_lab_xyz(x) {
+    return x > .206893034 ? x * x * x : (x - 4 / 29) / 7.787037;
+  }
+  function d3_xyz_lab(x) {
+    return x > .008856 ? Math.pow(x, 1 / 3) : 7.787037 * x + 4 / 29;
+  }
+  function d3_xyz_rgb(r) {
+    return Math.round(255 * (r <= .00304 ? 12.92 * r : 1.055 * Math.pow(r, 1 / 2.4) - .055));
+  }
+  function d3_selection(groups) {
+    d3_arraySubclass(groups, d3_selectionPrototype);
+    return groups;
+  }
+  function d3_selection_selector(selector) {
+    return function() {
+      return d3_select(selector, this);
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_selection_selectorAll(selector) {
+    return function() {
+      return d3_selectAll(selector, this);
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_selection_attr(name, value) {
+    function attrNull() {
+      this.removeAttribute(name);
+    }
+    function attrNullNS() {
+      this.removeAttributeNS(name.space, name.local);
+    }
+    function attrConstant() {
+      this.setAttribute(name, value);
+    }
+    function attrConstantNS() {
+      this.setAttributeNS(name.space, name.local, value);
+    }
+    function attrFunction() {
+      var x = value.apply(this, arguments);
+      if (x == null) this.removeAttribute(name); else this.setAttribute(name, x);
+    }
+    function attrFunctionNS() {
+      var x = value.apply(this, arguments);
+      if (x == null) this.removeAttributeNS(name.space, name.local); else this.setAttributeNS(name.space, name.local, x);
+    }
+    name = d3.ns.qualify(name);
+    return value == null ? name.local ? attrNullNS : attrNull : typeof value === "function" ? name.local ? attrFunctionNS : attrFunction : name.local ? attrConstantNS : attrConstant;
+  }
+  function d3_selection_classedRe(name) {
+    return new RegExp("(?:^|\\s+)" + d3.requote(name) + "(?:\\s+|$)", "g");
+  }
+  function d3_selection_classed(name, value) {
+    function classedConstant() {
+      var i = -1;
+      while (++i < n) name[i](this, value);
+    }
+    function classedFunction() {
+      var i = -1, x = value.apply(this, arguments);
+      while (++i < n) name[i](this, x);
+    }
+    name = name.trim().split(/\s+/).map(d3_selection_classedName);
+    var n = name.length;
+    return typeof value === "function" ? classedFunction : classedConstant;
+  }
+  function d3_selection_classedName(name) {
+    var re = d3_selection_classedRe(name);
+    return function(node, value) {
+      if (c = node.classList) return value ? c.add(name) : c.remove(name);
+      var c = node.className, cb = c.baseVal != null, cv = cb ? c.baseVal : c;
+      if (value) {
+        re.lastIndex = 0;
+        if (!re.test(cv)) {
+          cv = d3_collapse(cv + " " + name);
+          if (cb) c.baseVal = cv; else node.className = cv;
+        }
+      } else if (cv) {
+        cv = d3_collapse(cv.replace(re, " "));
+        if (cb) c.baseVal = cv; else node.className = cv;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_selection_style(name, value, priority) {
+    function styleNull() {
+      this.style.removeProperty(name);
+    }
+    function styleConstant() {
+      this.style.setProperty(name, value, priority);
+    }
+    function styleFunction() {
+      var x = value.apply(this, arguments);
+      if (x == null) this.style.removeProperty(name); else this.style.setProperty(name, x, priority);
+    }
+    return value == null ? styleNull : typeof value === "function" ? styleFunction : styleConstant;
+  }
+  function d3_selection_property(name, value) {
+    function propertyNull() {
+      delete this[name];
+    }
+    function propertyConstant() {
+      this[name] = value;
+    }
+    function propertyFunction() {
+      var x = value.apply(this, arguments);
+      if (x == null) delete this[name]; else this[name] = x;
+    }
+    return value == null ? propertyNull : typeof value === "function" ? propertyFunction : propertyConstant;
+  }
+  function d3_selection_dataNode(data) {
+    return {
+      __data__: data
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_selection_filter(selector) {
+    return function() {
+      return d3_selectMatches(this, selector);
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_selection_sortComparator(comparator) {
+    if (!arguments.length) comparator = d3.ascending;
+    return function(a, b) {
+      return comparator(a && a.__data__, b && b.__data__);
+    };
+  }
+  function d3_selection_on(type, listener, capture) {
+    function onRemove() {
+      var wrapper = this[name];
+      if (wrapper) {
+        this.removeEventListener(type, wrapper, wrapper.$);
+        delete this[name];
+      }
+    }
+    function onAdd() {
+      function wrapper(e) {
+        var o = d3.event;
+        d3.event = e;
+        args[0] = node.__data__;
+        try {
+          listener.apply(node, args);
+        } finally {
+          d3.event = o;
+        }
+      }
+      var node = this, args = arguments;
+      onRemove.call(this);
+      this.addEventListener(type, this[name] = wrapper, wrapper.$ = capture);
+      wrapper._ = listener;
+    }
+    var name = "__on" + type, i = type.indexOf(".");
+    if (i > 0) type = type.substring(0, i);
+    return listener ? onAdd : onRemove;
+  }
+  function d3_selection_each(groups, callback) {
+    for (var j = 0, m = groups.length; j < m; j++) {
+      for (var group = groups[j], i = 0, n = group.length, node; i < n; i++) {
+        if (node = group[i]) callback(node, i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    return groups;
+  }
+  function d3_selection_enter(selection) {
+    d3_arraySubclass(selection, d3_selection_enterPrototype);
+    return selection;
+  }
+  function d3_transition(groups, id, time) {
+    d3_arraySubclass(groups, d3_transitionPrototype);
+    var tweens = new d3_Map, event = d3.dispatch("start", "end"), ease = d3_transitionEase;
+    groups.id = id;
+    groups.time = time;
+    groups.tween = function(name, tween) {
+      if (arguments.length < 2) return tweens.get(name);
+      if (tween == null) tweens.remove(name); else tweens.set(name, tween);
+      return groups;
+    };
+    groups.ease = function(value) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return ease;
+      ease = typeof value === "function" ? value : d3.ease.apply(d3, arguments);
+      return groups;
+    };
+    groups.each = function(type, listener) {
+      if (arguments.length < 2) return d3_transition_each.call(groups, type);
+      event.on(type, listener);
+      return groups;
+    };
+    d3.timer(function(elapsed) {
+      return d3_selection_each(groups, function(node, i, j) {
+        function start(elapsed) {
+          if (lock.active > id) return stop();
+          lock.active = id;
+          tweens.forEach(function(key, value) {
+            if (value = value.call(node, d, i)) {
+              tweened.push(value);
+            }
+          });
+          event.start.call(node, d, i);
+          if (!tick(elapsed)) d3.timer(tick, 0, time);
+          return 1;
+        }
+        function tick(elapsed) {
+          if (lock.active !== id) return stop();
+          var t = (elapsed - delay) / duration, e = ease(t), n = tweened.length;
+          while (n > 0) {
+            tweened[--n].call(node, e);
+          }
+          if (t >= 1) {
+            stop();
+            d3_transitionId = id;
+            event.end.call(node, d, i);
+            d3_transitionId = 0;
+            return 1;
+          }
+        }
+        function stop() {
+          if (!--lock.count) delete node.__transition__;
+          return 1;
+        }
+        var tweened = [], delay = node.delay, duration = node.duration, lock = (node = node.node).__transition__ || (node.__transition__ = {
+          active: 0,
+          count: 0
+        }), d = node.__data__;
+        ++lock.count;
+        delay <= elapsed ? start(elapsed) : d3.timer(start, delay, time);
+      });
+    }, 0, time);
+    return groups;
+  }
+  function d3_transition_each(callback) {
+    var id = d3_transitionId, ease = d3_transitionEase, delay = d3_transitionDelay, duration = d3_transitionDuration;
+    d3_transitionId = this.id;
+    d3_transitionEase = this.ease();
+    d3_selection_each(this, function(node, i, j) {
+      d3_transitionDelay = node.delay;
+      d3_transitionDuration = node.duration;
+      callback.call(node = node.node, node.__data__, i, j);
+    });
+    d3_transitionId = id;
+    d3_transitionEase = ease;
+    d3_transitionDelay = delay;
+    d3_transitionDuration = duration;
+    return this;
+  }
+  function d3_tweenNull(d, i, a) {
+    return a != "" && d3_tweenRemove;
+  }
+  function d3_tweenByName(b, name) {
+    return d3.tween(b, d3_interpolateByName(name));
+  }
+  function d3_timer_step() {
+    var elapsed, now = Date.now(), t1 = d3_timer_queue;
+    while (t1) {
+      elapsed = now - t1.then;
+      if (elapsed >= t1.delay) t1.flush = t1.callback(elapsed);
+      t1 = t1.next;
+    }
+    var delay = d3_timer_flush() - now;
+    if (delay > 24) {
+      if (isFinite(delay)) {
+        clearTimeout(d3_timer_timeout);
+        d3_timer_timeout = setTimeout(d3_timer_step, delay);
+      }
+      d3_timer_interval = 0;
+    } else {
+      d3_timer_interval = 1;
+      d3_timer_frame(d3_timer_step);
+    }
+  }
+  function d3_timer_flush() {
+    var t0 = null, t1 = d3_timer_queue, then = Infinity;
+    while (t1) {
+      if (t1.flush) {
+        delete d3_timer_byId[t1.callback.id];
+        t1 = t0 ? t0.next = t1.next : d3_timer_queue = t1.next;
+      } else {
+        then = Math.min(then, t1.then + t1.delay);
+        t1 = (t0 = t1).next;
+      }
+    }
+    return then;
+  }
+  function d3_mousePoint(container, e) {
+    var svg = container.ownerSVGElement || container;
+    if (svg.createSVGPoint) {
+      var point = svg.createSVGPoint();
+      if (d3_mouse_bug44083 < 0 && (window.scrollX || window.scrollY)) {
+        svg = d3.select(document.body).append("svg").style("position", "absolute").style("top", 0).style("left", 0);
+        var ctm = svg[0][0].getScreenCTM();
+        d3_mouse_bug44083 = !(ctm.f || ctm.e);
+        svg.remove();
+      }
+      if (d3_mouse_bug44083) {
+        point.x = e.pageX;
+        point.y = e.pageY;
+      } else {
+        point.x = e.clientX;
+        point.y = e.clientY;
+      }
+      point = point.matrixTransform(container.getScreenCTM().inverse());
+      return [ point.x, point.y ];
+    }
+    var rect = container.getBoundingClientRect();
+    return [ e.clientX - rect.left - container.clientLeft, e.clientY - rect.top - container.clientTop ];
+  }
+  function d3_noop() {}
+  function d3_scaleExtent(domain) {
+    var start = domain[0], stop = domain[domain.length - 1];
+    return start < stop ? [ start, stop ] : [ stop, start ];
+  }
+  function d3_scaleRange(scale) {
+    return scale.rangeExtent ? scale.rangeExtent() : d3_scaleExtent(scale.range());
+  }
+  function d3_scale_nice(domain, nice) {
+    var i0 = 0, i1 = domain.length - 1, x0 = domain[i0], x1 = domain[i1], dx;
+    if (x1 < x0) {
+      dx = i0, i0 = i1, i1 = dx;
+      dx = x0, x0 = x1, x1 = dx;
+    }
+    if (nice = nice(x1 - x0)) {
+      domain[i0] = nice.floor(x0);
+      domain[i1] = nice.ceil(x1);
+    }
+    return domain;
+  }
+  function d3_scale_niceDefault() {
+    return Math;
+  }
+  function d3_scale_linear(domain, range, interpolate, clamp) {
+    function rescale() {
+      var linear = Math.min(domain.length, range.length) > 2 ? d3_scale_polylinear : d3_scale_bilinear, uninterpolate = clamp ? d3_uninterpolateClamp : d3_uninterpolateNumber;
+      output = linear(domain, range, uninterpolate, interpolate);
+      input = linear(range, domain, uninterpolate, d3.interpolate);
+      return scale;
+    }
+    function scale(x) {
+      return output(x);
+    }
+    var output, input;
+    scale.invert = function(y) {
+      return input(y);
+    };
+    scale.domain = function(x) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return domain;
+      domain = x.map(Number);
+      return rescale();
+    };
+    scale.range = function(x) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return range;
+      range = x;
+      return rescale();
+    };
+    scale.rangeRound = function(x) {
+      return scale.range(x).interpolate(d3.interpolateRound);
+    };
+    scale.clamp = function(x) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return clamp;
+      clamp = x;
+      return rescale();
+    };
+    scale.interpolate = function(x) {
+      if (!arguments.length) return interpolate;
+      interpolate = x;
+      return rescale();
+    };
+    scale.ticks = funct